What is potable water? Potable water is water which is safe to drink. It must be safe in terms of chemical composition and organoleptic properties. Usually, potable water comes from surface or underground water, which will then need be treated to levels that meet the local standards for consumptions. Access to safe potable water is […]
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Introduction According to the Fruit Juice Market Report, in 2022 global fruit juice business size has grown to 147.5 billion dollars and is going to expand in the following years reaching almost 190 billion dollars by 2028 [1]. It is driven by campaigns promoting healthy lifestyle going together with increasing consciousness of people, which more […]
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Executive summary What is a membrane bioreactor? A Membrane BioReactor (MBR) is a process which combines a microfiltration or ultrafiltration membrane unit with a suspended growth bioreactor, and is now widely used in both municipal and industrial WasteWater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). 1) Bioreactor: In a wastewater treatment process, a bioreactor is specifically-designed chamber to support […]
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Introduction to Filtration Membrane filtration as a means of purification or concentration relies on the principle that when a liquid is passed across or through a physical barrier, particles whose size is larger than the pores in the membrane are retained on one side of the barrier, while the remaining liquid is allowed to pass […]
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When process engineers need to separate effluent streams, clarify or fractionate and where they demand reliable and repeatable performance, membrane filtration systems are often their first choice. At its most basic level membrane filtration involves separating a single flow stream into two separate streams, one more concentrated than the other, by passing it through a […]
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Standardisation Standardisation refers to the process of adjusting the fat, protein, solids and non-fat content of milk and cream to standardise values, depending on the type of end-product being produced. This is mainly done to maximise the economic return from milk components whilst maintaining both the end-product quality and composition. The standardised fat content of […]
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When process engineers need to separate effluent streams, clarify or fractionate and where they demand reliable and repeatable performance, membrane filtration systems are often their first choice. At its most basic level membrane filtration involves separating a single flow stream into two separate streams, one more concentrated than the other, by passing it through a […]
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Design data Below are listed the most important parameters that are required to properly design an MBR (Membrane Biological Reactor) system: Of course, other parameters might be required, depending on the specific application. Plant-wide design aspects Pre-treatments The following general pre-treatment guidelines must be followed: Fine screening Focusing on fine screening as it one of […]
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A membrane can be defined as an interface between two phases. In membrane separation processes, this interface is usually a physical barrier that is permeable to some of the species present in one of the streams. In order to carry out the process, a driving force is necessary, in this case pressure. There are in […]
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Tubular Membranes PCI Membranes®’ own 12mm diameter tubular membranes are used in the Fyne process due to their ability to handle suspended solids without blocking of membrane pores. The Nano-Filtration (NF) membranes retain contaminants on the raw water side and allow potable water to permeate. The deposition of impurities upon the membrane’s surface is minimised […]
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